Series

class pmrf.models.composite.nodal.Series(series: Model, *, name: str | None = None, metadata: Any = None)

Bases: Model

Connect a 1-port impedance in series along a 2-port line.

Mathematical Formulation

At a common reference impedance of 50 ohms, the wrapped 1-port’s reflection coefficient \(\Gamma\) gives

\[S_{11} = S_{22} = \frac{1 + \Gamma}{3 - \Gamma}, \qquad S_{21} = S_{12} = \frac{2(1 - \Gamma)}{3 - \Gamma}.\]

The resulting two-port is then renormalized to the requested reference impedance. This form also covers ideal shorts and opens without converting the wrapped reflection coefficient to an impedance.

Parameters:

series (Model) – The 1-port model to insert in series.

References

4. 13. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 4th ed., Wiley, 2012, sec. 4.4.

series: Model

The 1-port model to insert in series.