RoughConductor

class pmrf.materials.RoughConductor(sigma: Any = 58000000.0, mu_r: Any = 1.0, roughness: Any = <factory>, *, name: str | None = None, metadata: Any = None)

Bases: BulkConductor

Bulk metal with a surface-roughness correction.

Mathematical Formulation

\[Z_s(\omega) = K(\omega) \sqrt{\frac{j\omega\mu}{\sigma}}\]

where \(K\) is supplied by the roughness formulation, and equals \(1\) for a perfectly smooth surface. See HammerstadRoughness for the default.

References

Hammerstad, E., & Jensen, O. (1980). Accurate Models for Microstrip Computer-Aided Design. IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 407-409.

Parameters:

  • sigma (Param, default=5.8e7) – Conductivity in S/m.

  • mu_r (Param, default=1.0) – Relative permeability of the conductor.

  • roughness (AbstractRoughness, default=HammerstadRoughness()) – The roughness correction formulation. A scalar RMS roughness in meters is coerced into a HammerstadRoughness correction.

properties(freq: Frequency) → ConductorProperties

Evaluate surface impedance, conductivity, and permeability.

roughness: AbstractRoughness

The roughness correction formulation